On October 26, 2025, the United States and Thailand agreed to a framework for an Agreement on Reciprocal Trade. While representatives from both countries continue to negotiate and finalize the formal agreement, the key terms include:
- Thailand’s elimination of tariff barriers on approximately 99 percent of goods, covering a full range of U.S. industrial, food and agricultural products.
- The continuation of U.S. reciprocal tariffs at 19 percent on imported goods from Thailand, as set forth in Executive Order 14257 of April 2, 2025, but with tariff exclusions for certain imports.
- Cooperation to address Thailand’s non-tariff barriers affecting bilateral trade, starting with Thailand’s acceptance of (1) U.S.-manufactured vehicles produced to comply with U.S. federal motor vehicle safety and emissions standards and (2) U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) certificates and prior marketing authorizations for medical devices and pharmaceuticals.
- Thailand’s prevention of barriers to U.S. food and agricultural products in the Thai market, starting with (1) access for U.S. Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)-certified meat and poultry products and (2) acceptance of currently agreed certificates issued by U.S. regulatory authorities.
- The finalization of commitments protecting internationally recognized labor rights and strengthening enforcement of labor laws by addressing violations in sectors that are high-risk for forced labor and child labor.
- Thailand’s commitment to adopting and maintaining high levels of environmental protection and effectively enforcing its environmental laws, such as measures to combat trading in illegally harvested forest products and in illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing and wildlife.
- The finalization of U.S.-Thai commitments on intellectual property, such as Thailand’s enforcement against trademark counterfeiting and copyright piracy, rogue collective management organizations, circumvention of technological protection measures, and the patent backlog.
- Thailand’s commitment to addressing barriers impacting digital trade, services, and investment, and to refraining from imposing digital services taxes or measures that discriminate against U.S. digital services or digital products.
- The finalization of bilateral commitments to address distortionary state-owned enterprise behaviors.
- A bilateral commitment to strengthen economic and national security cooperation to enhance supply chain resilience and innovation through complementary actions to address unfair trade practices of third parties, to improve export controls and investment security, and to combat duty evasion.
In addition, the United States and Thailand signed a Memorandum of Understanding concerning cooperation to diversify global critical minerals supply chains and to promote trade and investment between the parties in critical mineral resource exploration, extraction, processing and refining, manufacturing, and recycling and recovery.